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Encalado del suelo - Asociación Costarricense de la Ciencia del Suelo

Noticias ACCS

Blog de la Asociación
encalado suelos cr
31
Ago

Encalado del suelo

¿En qué consiste el encalado del suelo?

El encalada del suelo consiste en la aplicación de materiales calcáreos, o básicos, en forma común la llamamos cal agrícola en cantidades proporcionalmente fuertes a la magnitudes del problema. Hay diferentes materiales pero todos ellos son ricos en dos elementos principales, Ca (calcio) y Mg (magnesio), que aplicados en grandes cantidades primero que todo suben el pH y por otro lado sacan al Al del juego, y logran que precipite, y deje de estorbar.

Para encalar apropiadamente hay que seguir ciertas recomendaciones, saber la dosis a aplicar, cómo aplicarlo, qué material usar, y cuándo realizar la práctica. Pero para todos estos detalles es mejor apoyarse en la experiencia de un agrónomo.
Muchas veces, un encalado puede ser tan útil como una fertilización, y otras veces, para que la fertilización pueda ser muy bien asimilada por los cultivos debe regularse primero la acidez del suelo. Eso sí, juntas nunca se deben hacer estas dos prácticas, hay que dar tiempo (unos 2 meses) entre una y otra.

Entonces ¿Encalar y fertilizar son cosas diferentes?

Sí, las dos van dirigidas a mejorar la nutrición de los cultivos pero sí son diferentes. Con el encalado regulamos las condiciones del suelo, para que este no sea ácido y permita que el suelo haga disponibles los elementos, y con la fertilización, reponemos los nutrientes que las plantas sacaron del suelo y que se han comenzado a agotar. Lo importante es tener un buen diagnóstico de nuestro campo de cultivo antes de iniciar la siembra.

¿Por qué?

Porque si detectamos acidez es mejor corregirla antes y después porque si conocemos que nutrientes faltan, podemos irselos agregando al cultivo según sus necesidades a lo largo del ciclo
Conociendo muy bien el ciclo de crecimiento del cultivo, y sabiendo en que momento es que requiere cada uno de los nutrientes, si al principio para formar las hojas, o al final cuando está llenando los frutos, le podemos suplir a la planta todo lo que necesita en el momento justo!!

Conclusion

  1. Debemos conocer las necesidades de los cultivos para reponer las cantidades que sacamos cuando cosechamos

 

OTRAS CITAS

  1. Qué son los nutrientes del Suelo (11a) http://www.fao.org/3/ca1543en/ca1543en.pdf
  2. Cómo manejar los nutrientes del Suelo (11b) http://www.fao.org/3/ca7171en/ca7171en.pdf
  3. Qué es el pH del suelo? (12a) http://www.fao.org/3/ca7162en/ca7162en.pdf
  4. Qué es la acidificación del suelo? (12b) http://www.fao.org/3/ca7160en/ca7160en.pdf
  5. Cómo minimizar la acidificación del suelo? (12c) http://www.fao.org/3/ca7160en/ca7160en.pdf
  6. Muestreo de Suelos. http://www.cia.ucr.ac.cr/pdf/LSF/MuestreoSuelos.pdf
  7. Cómo tomar una muestra de suelos. http://www.fao.org/3/ca1543en/ca1543en.pdf
  8. El análisis de Suelos. http://www.cia.ucr.ac.cr/pdf/LSF/AnalisisSuelos.pdf

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